“Queens in the Middle Ages were not simply the consorts of kings, but were active participants in the political, social, and cultural life of their kingdoms.”
Maryanne Kowaleski, Professor of History and Archaeology at Fordham University.
Medieval queens have often been overlooked in history, relegated to the role of mere consorts to their husbands. However, many of these women were powerful figures in their own right, wielding significant influence and authority in their kingdoms.
Medieval queens were not simply passive figures in their husbands’ courts. Many of these women were highly educated and politically savvy, and they used their knowledge and influence to shape the policies and decisions of their kingdoms. From negotiating treaties to managing diplomatic relations, medieval queens played a crucial role in the politics of their time.
In addition to their political influence, medieval queens were also important cultural patrons. Many of these women were passionate about the arts, commissioning works of literature, music, and art that reflected their own tastes and interests. Through their patronage, medieval queens helped to shape the cultural landscape of their kingdoms, leaving a lasting legacy that is still felt today.
“The medieval queen was a political being who could work to protect and promote the interests of her kingdom and her family.”
Jennifer Paxton, historian and former instructor at the Catholic University of America.
Eleanor of Aquitaine
As the queen consort of France and later of England, Eleanor was a powerful political figure in the 12th century. She played a key role in the Second Crusade, helped to establish the Courts of Love, and was a patron of the arts.
Matilda of Tuscany: Known as the “Great Countess,
Matilda was a medieval Italian noblewoman who played a key role in the Investiture Controversy, a power struggle between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor. Matilda supported the papacy and was a crucial ally of Pope Gregory VII.
Isabella I of Castile
Isabella was a powerful queen who ruled over Castile and Leon in the late 15th century. She is best known for her role in the Reconquista, the campaign to drive the Moors out of Spain. Isabella and her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon, also sponsored Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the Americas.
Margaret was the queen consort of England in the mid-15th century and played a key role in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. Margaret was a fierce and capable leader who fought to protect her husband’s claim to the throne.
Catherine the Great
Catherine was the empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796 and is considered one of the most powerful women in history. She modernized Russia and expanded its borders through a series of successful military campaigns. Catherine was also a patron of the arts and sciences.
Joan of Navarre
Joan was the queen consort of England in the late 14th century and played a key role in the political intrigues of the time. She was accused of witchcraft and was imprisoned for four years, but was eventually cleared of all charges and released.
Anne of Bohemia
Anne was the queen consort of England in the early 15th century and is known for her role in helping to spread the use of the English language. She was also a patron of the arts and a supporter of the reformist movement within the Church.
Eleanor was the queen consort of England in the late 13th century and was a key figure in the reign of her husband, Edward I. She was known for her charitable works, including the founding of several hospitals, and was a patron of the arts.
Melisende of Jerusalem
Melisende was the queen of Jerusalem in the 12th century and played a key role in the Crusades. She was a capable leader and was known for her diplomatic skills, negotiating peace treaties with both Muslims and Christians.
Elizabeth of Hungary
Elizabeth was a medieval queen who ruled over Hungary in the 13th century. She was known for her charitable works, including the establishment of a hospital for the poor and the sick. Elizabeth was canonized by the Catholic Church in the 13th century and is now considered a saint.
“Queens of the Conquest: England’s Medieval Queens” by Alison Weir
This book explores the lives and reigns of five prominent medieval queens of England: Matilda of Flanders, Matilda of Scotland, Adeliza of Louvain, Matilda of Boulogne, and Empress Maud. It provides a detailed account of their roles and influences during a crucial period of English history.
“Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life” by Alison Weir
Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the most remarkable medieval queens. Alison Weir’s biography delves into the life of this influential queen, highlighting her marriages to King Louis VII of France and King Henry II of England, as well as her political power and significant impact on the medieval world.
“The Life and Times of Isabella of France” by Desmond Seward
Isabella of France, also known as the “She-Wolf of France,” was the queen consort of King Edward II of England. This book delves into her intriguing life, focusing on her tumultuous marriage, her involvement in politics, and her role in Edward II’s deposition.
“The Queen’s Conjuror: The Life and Magic of Dr. Dee” by Benjamin Woolley
Although not solely focused on queens, this book explores the life of Queen Elizabeth I’s court astrologer, Dr. John Dee. It offers a unique perspective on the queen’s reign, as Dee was a trusted confidant and adviser to Elizabeth, and his activities shed light on the intellectual and mystical aspects of the Tudor era.
“The Life and Times of Catherine de Medici” by Jean Heritier
Catherine de Medici was a prominent queen consort and regent of France during the turbulent period of religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants. This book provides a comprehensive account of her life, examining her role in the French monarchy, her political maneuverings, and her influence on the arts and culture of the time.
These books offer a rich exploration of medieval queens and provide valuable insights into their lives, challenges, and achievements. Happy reading!