Unveiling the First True King of England: Alfred the Great or Athelstan?

The question of who can be rightfully crowned as the first true King of England during medieval times sparks a lively debate among historians.

Two names often arise in this discussion: Alfred the Great and Athelstan.

In this article, we delve into the arguments surrounding their claims to the throne and explore their contributions to the formation and consolidation of the English kingdom during the medieval era.

King Alfred The Great Medieval Kings Illustration

“Alfred the Great’s legacy as the first true king of England cannot be overstated. His military successes, administrative reforms, and cultural contributions laid the foundation for the unified kingdom we recognize today.

“Dr. Sarah Foot, Historian and Professor of Early Medieval History at the University of Oxford.

Alfred the Great: Champion of Wessex and Architect of England

Alfred the Great, who reigned from 871 to 899, is widely regarded as one of the most revered figures in English history. His reign coincided with a tumultuous period of Viking invasions, and his military prowess and strategic genius allowed him to defend the kingdom of Wessex against these incursions.

Who Were The Anglo Saxons Alfred The Great

Alfred’s achievements went beyond mere military victories; he was a visionary leader who established legal and administrative reforms, promoted education, and fostered a sense of national identity among his people. His efforts laid the groundwork for the unification and development of England.

Athelstan: The First King of All England

Athelstan, who ruled from 924 to 939, is another figure who claims the title of the first true King of England. He was the grandson of Alfred the Great and built upon his grandfather’s accomplishments.

King Athelstan medieval king
King Athelstan was the first Anglo-Saxon King to have ruled the whole of the England. He belonged to the House of Wessex and practiced Chalcedonian Christianity as a religion.

Athelstan achieved a significant milestone by successfully uniting the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms under his rule, including Wessex, Mercia, and Northumbria.

His victory over the Vikings at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937 solidified his position as the ruler of a unified England. Athelstan’s reign marked a crucial turning point in English history, establishing the foundations of a kingdom that would endure for centuries.

Anglo Saxon Warfare
The Anglo Saxons used a shield formation as a tactic on the battlefield

The Debate and Historical Perspectives

The debate surrounding whether Alfred the Great or Athelstan should be considered the first true King of England stems from the differing criteria used to define the term “true king.”

Some argue that Alfred’s contributions to the defense and stabilization of Wessex were instrumental in creating the conditions for a unified England.

Anglo Saxon Kingdoms Map

Others contend that Athelstan’s achievements in expanding his rule over multiple Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and establishing a semblance of political and administrative unity make him the rightful claimant to the title.

Historians’ perspectives on this matter also vary, with some emphasizing Alfred’s foundational role and others highlighting Athelstan’s consolidation of power. The debate underscores the complex nature of early medieval politics and the gradual evolution of England as a unified entity.

Anglo-Saxon Costumes
The clothes worn by Anglo Saxon people in different medieval periods.

Conclusion

Determining the first true King of England during medieval times is an intriguing and contested topic. Both Alfred the Great and Athelstan made significant contributions to the formation and consolidation of England as a unified kingdom.

Alfred’s efforts in defending Wessex against Viking invasions and implementing reforms were crucial, while Athelstan’s achievements in expanding his rule over multiple Anglo-Saxon territories set the stage for the kingdom’s future.

Ultimately, the question of who can be deemed the first true King of England may be a matter of interpretation and perspective, highlighting the intricate tapestry of medieval history and the complex dynamics that shaped the birth of a nation.


Anglo Saxon Kingdoms Map

Great Books That Delve into the Debate Surrounding the First True King of England

“Alfred the Great: Asser’s Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources” by Simon Keynes and Michael Lapidge
This book offers a comprehensive examination of Alfred the Great, drawing from primary sources such as Asser’s Life of King Alfred and other contemporary accounts to provide a detailed portrayal of his life, reign, and significance.

“Athelstan: The Making of England” by Tom Holland
Tom Holland’s book explores the life and reign of Athelstan, shedding light on his accomplishments, challenges, and the broader historical context of his rule. It analyzes Athelstan’s role in shaping England and the complexities of his position as a pivotal figure.

“Alfred the Great: War, Kingship, and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England” by Richard P. Abels
Richard Abels offers a comprehensive study of Alfred the Great’s military campaigns, his vision for kingship, and his cultural and intellectual contributions. The book examines how Alfred’s reign impacted the development of England as a unified kingdom.

“The First Kingdom: Kingship and Politics in Early Anglo-Saxon England” by Levi Roach
Levi Roach provides a broader perspective on early Anglo-Saxon kingship, including both Alfred the Great and Athelstan, exploring the political, social, and religious dimensions of their rule. The book delves into the complexities of power and authority in early medieval England.

“Athelstan: The Forgotten First King of England” by Tom Williams
Tom Williams reevaluates Athelstan’s reign, aiming to bring attention to his often overshadowed status in history. The book highlights Athelstan’s military campaigns, legal reforms, and cultural achievements, seeking to elevate his significance as a key figure in the early English monarchy.

These books offer a range of perspectives and scholarly insights into the debate surrounding the first true king of England. Readers interested in the topic can explore these works to gain a deeper understanding of the lives, accomplishments, and historical contexts of both Alfred the Great and Athelstan.