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Edward I, famously known as “Longshanks,” stood tall both in stature and historical significance during the medieval era.



His reign, characterized by military conquests, legal innovations, and architectural marvels, left an indelible mark on England’s history.

Medieval King Edward I Illustration Portrait

As we delve into the top ten fascinating facts about this towering monarch, we uncover the multifaceted legacy of Edward I, a ruler whose actions reverberated through the annals of time.


1. Edward I’s Nickname

Edward I earned the nickname “Longshanks” due to his height. He stood at an impressive 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm), making him one of the tallest English monarchs in history.


2. The Hammer of the Scots

Edward I is often remembered as the “Hammer of the Scots” for his military campaigns in Scotland. He sought to assert English dominance over Scotland, leading to several conflicts, including the First War of Scottish Independence.

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3. The Welsh Conquest

Edward I was also known for his conquest of Wales. His construction of numerous castles in Wales, including the famous Caernarfon Castle, played a pivotal role in subduing Welsh resistance.

Caenarfon Castle in Wales

4. The Model Parliament

Edward I is credited with calling the “Model Parliament” in 1295, which included not only nobility but also commoners. This marked an important step towards the development of parliamentary representation in England.

Medieval Vassals or Medieval Local Lords Meeting with KIng

5. Statute of Westminster

Edward I’s reign saw the issuance of the Statute of Westminster in 1285. This statute is considered a foundational document for English common law, as it clarified and codified legal principles.


6. Expulsion of Jews

In 1290, Edward I issued the Edict of Expulsion, which expelled Jews from England. They were not officially allowed back into the country until the mid-17th century.


7. Patron of Eleanor Crosses

Edward I commissioned a series of beautiful crosses, known as “Eleanor Crosses,” to commemorate the death of his beloved wife, Queen Eleanor of Castile. These crosses still stand today.

Medieval King Henry III wife Eleanor of Provence

8. Passion for Architecture

Edward I had a deep interest in architecture, and this is evident in the many castles and fortifications he commissioned throughout his reign. These structures were not only functional but also impressive feats of medieval engineering.


9. Death on Campaign

Edward I died while on campaign in Scotland in 1307. His body was brought back to England, and he was buried in Westminster Abbey. His heart was buried separately in a casket in a different location.

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10. Legacy and Impact

Edward I’s reign had a lasting impact on English law, governance, and territorial expansion. He played a significant role in shaping the course of English history during a pivotal period of the Middle Ages.



Edward I’s reign was marked by military conquests, legal reforms, and a dedication to strengthening the English monarchy. His legacy continues to be studied and remembered as a crucial chapter in the history of England and the British Isles.

Edward I, the Hammer of the Scots, and the conqueror of Wales, remains a prominent figure in the tapestry of English history. His contributions, from calling the Model Parliament to codifying legal principles, continue to influence modern governance.

Edward I, with his towering presence and monumental achievements, stands as a testament to the enduring impact of a ruler who left his mark on England and its institutions, shaping the nation’s destiny for generations to come.


Edward I, “Longshanks” | Great Books


“Edward I: A New King Arthur?” by Andy King
This biography delves into the life of Edward I, exploring his military campaigns, political strategies, and contributions to English governance. It also analyzes the parallels between Edward I and the legendary King Arthur.
“Edward I: The English Justinian?” by Peter D. G. Thomas
Peter Thomas examines Edward I’s reign in the context of legal reforms and compares him to the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. The book highlights Edward’s role in shaping English law and governance.
“Edward I: A Great and Terrible King” by Marc Morris
Marc Morris offers a comprehensive biography of Edward I, painting a vivid portrait of his character, military endeavors, and impact on medieval England. The book explores Edward’s achievements and his ruthless pursuit of power.
“Edward I: A Medieval King and His Times” by Paul M. Remfry
This book provides a detailed account of Edward I’s reign, focusing on the historical context, including the conflicts with Scotland and Wales, as well as his role in strengthening the English monarchy.
“Eleanor of Castile: The Shadow Queen” by Sara Cockerill
While not solely about Edward I, this biography of his queen, Eleanor of Castile, sheds light on their relationship and the influence Eleanor had on Edward’s reign. It provides a unique perspective on the king through the lens of his queen.

These books offer varying perspectives on Edward I, his rule, and his impact on medieval England. Whether you’re interested in his military campaigns, legal reforms, or personal life, these titles provide a wealth of information to satisfy your curiosity about “Longshanks.”