Billhook Weapon: A Versatile Polearm Weapon of the Past

The bill, also known as the billhook, was a versatile polearm weapon that was widely used in medieval Europe.



It consisted of a long wooden shaft, typically around six feet in length, with a curved blade mounted at the end.

The blade was sharp on the inside curve and often had a hook or point at the tip, giving the weapon its distinctive shape.


History and Development

The bill was first developed in England in the 14th century as a farming tool. It was originally used by peasants to trim hedges, clear brush, and chop wood. However, the weapon’s effectiveness in combat was quickly recognized, and it was soon adopted by soldiers and mercenaries.

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The design of the bill varied over time and across different regions. In England, for example, the bill often had a short handle and a wide, flat blade that was designed for sweeping strikes. In Germany, the bill had a longer handle and a more curved blade that was designed for thrusting and hooking.

Tactics and Use in Battle

The bill was a versatile weapon that could be used for a variety of purposes on the battlefield. Its long reach and hooked blade made it effective for pulling enemy cavalry from their horses, while its sharp blade and pointed tip made it effective against infantry.

Polearms Weapons List

In battle, the bill was typically used in formation with other polearms, such as the pike and the halberd. Soldiers armed with bills would form up in a phalanx, with their weapons held out in front of them to form a wall of deadly points. The bills could also be used to hook and pull enemy weapons and armor, making them a valuable tool for disarming opponents.

Legacy and Influence

The bill remained a popular weapon throughout the medieval period, and it continued to be used by soldiers and mercenaries well into the Renaissance. However, as firearms became more prevalent on the battlefield, the use of polearms like the bill declined.

A Medieval army attacks

Despite its decline in use, the bill remains an important artifact of medieval warfare. Its versatile design and effectiveness in battle helped to shape the development of other weapons, such as the halberd and the glaive. Today, the bill is often used in historical reenactments and as a symbol of the military might of medieval Europe.

800px Bill Hooks 1939 Nash Fussells catalogue

The bill was a versatile and effective weapon that played an important role in the military tactics of medieval Europe. Its long reach and hooked blade made it effective against both cavalry and infantry, while its sharp blade and pointed tip made it a deadly weapon in close combat.

Although the bill fell out of use as firearms became more common on the battlefield, its influence can still be seen in the design of later weapons and in the military tactics of the medieval period.