The sword was the most iconic weapon of the medieval knight, symbolizing both martial skill and noble status. Crafted with precision and often blessed by the Church, swords were more than tools of war—they were sacred symbols of a knight’s honor and chivalry. From the arming sword to the longsword, each type had specific functions in combat and ceremony. Carrying a sword marked a knight’s elite position, and its use demanded years of training. In both legend and reality, the knight’s sword stood as a powerful representation of his duty to protect and uphold justice.
This was true not only in terms of combat but also in terms of honour as the medieval knights’ sword was considered one of the marks of chivalry.
The Medieval knight’s sword was available in a variety of shapes and types and was considered the primary weapon not only in the event of war but also during medieval tournaments.
Medieval Knights Sword History
During the medieval times in Europe, the medieval knights’ sword went hand in hand with armour and was considered an essential ingredient of knighthood.
A knight’s sword was in use during the early medieval times as well as in the ancient world, but it came to have a distinctive form during the middle and high medieval times when the phenomenon of knighthood took hold throughout Europe.
The medieval knights’ sword was different from the sword of an ordinary soldier because it was more expensive to produce and stronger.
During the early medieval times, the sword in vogue was a double-edged slashing one. However, during the middle and late medieval times, diamond-shaped swords along with chain mail became more popular.
Knights Favourite Swords
There was a wide variety of medieval knights’ swords which was used during different times. One popular sword was The Broadsword which was popular during the early medieval times.
Its length was around 35 to 40 inches and its weight fell between 3 and 5 pounds. During the Crusades, the Falchion Sword became more popular with medieval knights.
Other famous medieval knights’ swords include The Greatsword, The Longsword, The Scimitar, and others.
Knights Sword Prestige & Honour
Among the weapons of a medieval knight, a medieval knights’ sword had central importance. He used his sword not only in war but also in duels during tournaments. Great symbolic importance was attached to a knights’ sword and it was also used during the Ceremony of Knighthood.
The cross across the handle of the sword signified the resolution of the knight to defend the Christian religion. Sometimes, the engraving on the sword also indicated the name of its owner and words from a prayer.
Knights Sword Fighting Techniques
Medieval knights‘ sword fighting techniques evolved over time. During the middle and late medieval times, various treaties were written on medieval knights’ sword fighting techniques.
These treaties were written in German and were called “Fechtbucher”. Other than these treaties, medieval knights’ sword fighting techniques were also influenced by Johannes Liechtenauer who inspired the German school of swordsmanship.
Medieval Knights’ Favourite Weapon
The medieval knight’s sword was easily a knight’s favorite weapon for combat. It was partly due to its utility in defense and attack and partly due to the honor attached with it.
The medieval Sword was donned as a weapon of distinction not only during the battles but also during times of peace. The Sword also had central importance in the Code of Chivalry and was used during the ceremonies when the squire was ascended to the level of knighthood.
Medieval Knights Sword Summary
A Medieval knights’ sword was the most important and valuable weapon of combat during medieval times. This sword came in various sizes and types and the name of the knight along with the words of prayer was generally engraved on the sword.
Various techniques of swordsmanship were prevalent during medieval times among which the German school of swordsmanship was particularly famous and inspired many people.
What types of swords did medieval knights use?
Medieval knights used a variety of swords, including arming swords for one-handed use, longswords for two-handed combat, and larger greatswords for battlefield dominance. Each type served different purposes based on the combat style, armor of the opponent, and the role of the knight in battle.
What was the difference between a longsword and an arming sword?
An arming sword was typically used with one hand, allowing knights to carry a shield in the other. It was lighter and faster, ideal for close combat. A longsword, on the other hand, had a longer grip for two-handed use, offering greater reach and power, especially effective against armored foes in open combat.
Were knight swords primarily used on horseback?
Knights fought both on horseback and on foot, and their swords reflected that versatility. While lances were preferred for charging on horseback, swords were used once combat became closer or more chaotic. A well-balanced sword allowed knights to transition seamlessly between mounted and foot combat.
What materials were used to forge medieval swords?
Medieval swords were generally forged from high-carbon steel, a material known for its balance of strength and flexibility. Blacksmiths used advanced techniques like pattern welding in earlier periods and later refined steelwork to ensure blades could endure the rigors of battle without breaking or dulling easily.
Did swords symbolize more than just weapons?
Yes, swords were deeply symbolic in medieval society. Beyond their practical use, they represented a knight’s honor, courage, and noble status. Ceremonial swords were used in knightings and religious rituals, and some blades were believed to possess legendary qualities or divine favor.
How were knight swords maintained?
Proper sword maintenance was crucial for a knight. Blades were regularly cleaned to remove blood and grime, oiled to prevent rust, and sharpened to ensure effectiveness in combat. Squires often performed this upkeep, learning the discipline and respect expected in knightly service.
Did all knights carry the same kind of sword?
No, sword design varied greatly depending on region, personal preference, and the historical period. Some knights preferred heavy slashing weapons like falchions, while others opted for estocs or thrusting swords better suited to piercing plate armor. Customization was common among higher-ranking knights.
Were knight swords effective against armor?
Against full plate armor, traditional cutting swords had limited effectiveness. This led to the development of techniques such as half-swording—gripping the blade with one hand to aim powerful thrusts at weak points—and the use of specialized swords like estocs that could pierce through gaps in armor.
How were swords used in knight training?
Training with swords was a fundamental part of a knight’s upbringing. Young squires practiced for years using wooden wasters or blunted steel to master footwork, strikes, and forms. Training also included controlled sparring, discipline, and sometimes formal martial arts traditions like the German school of fencing.
Are any famous knight swords preserved today?
Yes, several historic swords believed to belong to legendary figures are preserved in museums and royal collections. One of the most famous is Joyeuse, the sword attributed to Charlemagne, which is displayed in the Louvre. These swords offer insight into medieval craftsmanship and the symbolic power of knighthood.
