Battle of Hastings: Top 10 Key Facts – Decisive Moments in Medieval History

The Battle of Hastings, fought on October 14, 1066, stands as one of the most significant events in medieval history, forever altering the course of England and leaving an indelible mark on Europe’s political landscape.


Hastings 1066

“Harold Godwinson’s claim to the English throne after the death of King Edward the Confessor was tenuous at best. While he was a prominent nobleman and military leader, his succession lacked legitimacy through bloodline or marriage, sparking rivalry for the crown.”

Professor Emily Carter, University of Oxford.

This epic clash between the Norman invaders, led by Duke William of Normandy, and the Anglo-Saxon defenders, commanded by King Harold II, shaped the destiny of a nation and its people.

King William The Conqueror Portrait
Duke William of Normandy

Join us on a journey through time as we delve into the top 10 events that unfolded during the Battle of Hastings.


1. Harold’s Saxon Army Takes Position

As the sun rose over the battlefield, King Harold II’s Saxon army assumed their defensive position atop Senlac Hill. With the English shield wall formed, they braced themselves for the Norman onslaught.


2. Norman Cavalry Attacks

The Normans launched their first attack, with a charge of their mounted knights. The Norman cavalry sought to break the Saxon shield wall, but the steadfast English defenders held firm, causing the initial assault to stall.


3. Death of King Harold’s Brothers

Amidst the intense fighting, King Harold II’s brothers, Gyrth and Leofwine, fell in battle. Their deaths further motivated the English troops to fight fiercely in defense of their fallen kin.


4. Feigned Retreat of the Normans

Realizing the Saxon shield wall was difficult to breach, the Normans executed a tactical feigned retreat. This maneuver enticed some of the Saxon defenders to break their formation and pursue the retreating Normans, creating gaps in the English lines.


5. The Death of King Harold II

One of the most pivotal moments of the battle was the death of King Harold II. A Norman arrow struck the English king in the eye, fatally wounding him. With their leader slain, the morale of the Saxon army wavered.


Norman Infantry Advances

With the tide turning in their favor, the Norman infantry advanced up the hill, renewing the attack on the now-weakened Saxon shield wall. The battle grew increasingly fierce and chaotic.


The Bayeux Tapestry

The events of the Battle of Hastings were chronicled in the Bayeux Tapestry, an intricately embroidered narrative that depicts key moments of the conflict, providing a valuable historical record of the battle.


8. The Norman Victory

Despite valiant resistance, the Saxon defenders were gradually overwhelmed by the Norman forces. The death of King Harold II and the disarray within the Saxon ranks sealed the fate of the battle.


9. William the Conqueror’s Coronation

Following his victory, Duke William of Normandy, known as William the Conqueror, was crowned King of England on Christmas Day in 1066. The Norman Conquest of England began, forever altering the country’s ruling elite and cultural landscape.


10. The Legacy of the Battle

The Battle of Hastings left an enduring legacy on England and Europe. The Norman Conquest led to a profound transformation of English society, introducing Norman-French influences, feudalism, and a centralized monarchy that reshaped the nation’s political and cultural identity.



“The Norman Conquest, led by Duke William of Normandy, was the first successful invasion of England since the Viking raids centuries earlier. It resulted in a fusion of Norman and Anglo-Saxon cultures, shaping the future of England’s political, social, and linguistic landscape.”

Dr. Thomas Bennett, Cambridge University.

The Battle of Hastings was a defining moment in medieval history, marked by bravery, tragedy, and profound consequences.

The Norman victory set in motion a series of events that shaped England’s future and left an indelible mark on Europe.

Today, the Battle of Hastings remains a landmark event, embodying the complexities and impact of medieval warfare and the pivotal role of individuals and leadership in shaping history.


Battle of Hastings | 5 Great Books

“1066: The Year of the Conquest” by David Howarth
This well-researched and engaging book provides an in-depth account of the events leading up to and the aftermath of the Battle of Hastings. David Howarth expertly narrates the political and military strategies of both English and Norman forces, offering a comprehensive understanding of this crucial historical event.

“The Battle of Hastings: The Fall of Anglo-Saxon England” by Harriet Harvey Wood
Harriet Harvey Wood delves into the personalities and motivations of key figures such as Harold Godwinson and Duke William, painting a vivid picture of the battle and its far-reaching consequences on medieval England. This book offers a compelling analysis of the battle’s impact on the nation’s future.

“Norman Conquest: The Battle of Hastings and the Fall of Anglo-Saxon England” by Marc Morris
Marc Morris offers a comprehensive exploration of the Norman Conquest, with a particular focus on the Battle of Hastings. The book delves into the political and cultural aspects of the period, examining how the Norman victory shaped the course of English history.

“The Battle of Hastings” by Stephen Morillo
Stephen Morillo presents a detailed and well-researched analysis of the Battle of Hastings, unraveling the military tactics, weaponry, and strategies employed by both sides. This book is an excellent resource for those interested in the military aspects of the battle.

“The Bayeux Tapestry: The Life Story of a Masterpiece” by Carola Hicks
While not solely focused on the Battle of Hastings, this book offers valuable insights into the famous Bayeux Tapestry, which depicts the events leading up to and including the battle. Carola Hicks examines the historical context and symbolism of the tapestry, shedding light on the battle from a unique perspective.

These books provide diverse perspectives on the Battle of Hastings, from the military strategies to the cultural and linguistic impacts, making them valuable resources for anyone seeking to understand this pivotal moment in medieval history.