The Free Company: The Notorious Mercenaries of Europe

The Free Company was a notorious group of mercenaries that operated in Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries.

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“The Free Company, a prevalent mercenary force during the medieval era, had a profound impact on the political and military landscape of Europe. Composed of skilled and opportunistic soldiers, they navigated the shifting alliances and conflicts of the time, leaving an indelible mark on the medieval world

.”Quote from John F. Verbruggen, renowned military historian

They were known for their brutality, their disregard for the law, and their willingness to fight for the highest bidder.

Origins of The Free Company:

The origins of The Free Company can be traced back to the aftermath of the Black Death, which devastated Europe in the mid-14th century.

BLACK DEATH PLAGUE DOCTOR

As a result of the pandemic, many communities were left weakened and vulnerable to attack. This led to a rise in banditry and lawlessness, as well as an increase in demand for soldiers who could protect towns and cities from marauding raiders.

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Many of these soldiers were former knights who had fallen on hard times, as well as other men-at-arms who had lost their livelihoods in the wake of the Black Death. They banded together to form mercenary companies, which offered their services to the highest bidder.

The Free Company was one such group of mercenaries. They were originally formed in France, but soon spread throughout Europe, becoming one of the most feared and notorious mercenary companies of the time.

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“The Free Company emerged as a formidable force in medieval Europe, driven by a blend of ambition, financial gain, and the allure of adventure. Operating outside traditional feudal structures, they capitalized on the chaos and power struggles of the era, becoming both feared and sought after by rulers desperate to bolster their armies.

“Quote from Kelly DeVries, respected medieval warfare expert

Organization and Tactics:

The Free Company was made up of a diverse group of soldiers, including former knights, foot soldiers, and archers. They were highly mobile and able to move quickly from place to place, making them difficult to track and apprehend.

The company was led by a captain, who was elected by the soldiers. The captain was responsible for leading the company in battle, negotiating contracts with clients, and distributing pay to the soldiers.

The Free Company was known for its brutal tactics on the battlefield. They would often launch surprise attacks on towns and villages, pillaging and plundering whatever they could find.

They also had a reputation for targeting civilians, and were responsible for a number of atrocities during their campaigns.

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Legacy

Despite their brutal tactics, The Free Company was a highly successful mercenary company. They were in high demand throughout Europe, and their soldiers were often among the best paid of any mercenary company.

However, their notoriety eventually caught up with them. As the 15th century progressed, many European states began to crack down on mercenaries, viewing them as a threat to the stability of their kingdoms. The Free Company was eventually disbanded in the late 15th century, as the demand for mercenaries began to wane.

Today, The Free Company is remembered as one of the most notorious mercenary companies of the medieval period. While their tactics were often brutal and cruel, they played a significant role in the wars and conflicts of the time, and their legacy continues to be felt to this day.


Great Books about the Free Company

“The Free Company in Medieval Europe: 1337-1400” by Richard Vernier
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the Free Company phenomenon during the late medieval period. It explores their origins, organization, military tactics, and impact on the political landscape of Europe.

“Medieval Mercenaries: The Business of War” by William Urban
William Urban delves into the world of medieval mercenaries, including the Free Companies, in this book. He examines the motivations of mercenaries, their recruitment methods, their role in warfare, and their influence on medieval society.

“The Mercenary’s Tale: A Medieval Historical Fiction” by Michael Jecks
This historical fiction novel by Michael Jecks tells the tale of a fictional mercenary in medieval times. Through the protagonist’s experiences, the book provides insights into the life, challenges, and motivations of mercenaries during that era.

“The White Company” by Arthur Conan Doyle
Although a work of fiction, “The White Company” by Arthur Conan Doyle provides an engaging portrayal of mercenaries in the medieval period. Set during the Hundred Years’ War, the book follows a band of English mercenaries and explores their adventures and camaraderie.

“The Medieval Mercenary: Organizational Strategy in the Hundred Years War” by Charles Allen Burney
Charles Allen Burney’s book focuses on the role of mercenaries, including the Free Companies, during the Hundred Years’ War. It examines their strategies, the dynamics of their contracts, and their impact on the outcomes of battles and campaigns.

These books offer valuable insights into the world of mercenaries, including the Free Company, and shed light on their historical context, motivations, and impact on medieval Europe.