Richard the Lionheart (King Richard I) ruled England from 6th July 1189 to 6th April 1199.
He was the son of the Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
This medieval king also ruled as the following
Duke of Normandy.
Duke of Gascony.
Duke of Aquitaine.
Count of Anjou.
Count of Poitiers.
Count of Nantes.
Count of Maine.
Lord of Cyprus.
Overlord of Brittany.
He was also famously known as ‘Richard the Lionheart’ due to his bravery and greatness as a military fighter.
Richard the Lionheart Timeline
King Richard I was born on 8th September 1157 at Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England.
He was King of England from 6th July 1189 to 6th April 1199
His coronation took place on 3rd September 1189.
King Richard I along with his brother revolted against their father, Henry II in the years 1173-1174.
In 1187 King Richard allied himself with Phillips II.
In 1191, the Medieval King captured Acre.
In 1192 King Richard made an agreement with the Saladin for the safety of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem.
In 1192 King Richard was captured by Leopold V.
King Richard was released in 1194.
Richard died on 6th April 1199 at Châlus, Duchy of Aquitaine.
This image shows an illustration of the great medieval king and military leader Richard I also known as Richard the Lionheart
What kind of Ruler was Richard the Lionheart
Richard the lionheart was a brave, fearless and an able military leader and a fighter.
Among his contemporaries, he was considered a generous ruler and a king who was also a knight.
Among the medieval kings, it was the first instance of such combination.
However there was also a group who believed that King Richard I although a great fighter, was a bad son, husband and a King.
He was also criticized for taxing the clergy to collect funds for the crusades and ransoms.
What was King Richard I Famous For?
King Richard I was famous for being a great military leader and a warrior.
This was the reason why he was also known as ‘Richard the Lionheart’. He was also famous for his terseness and was known as Oc e No, meaning Yes and No, in Occitan.
King Richard I Nicknamed “Richard the Lionheart”
King Richard I was nicknamed as Richard the Lionheart because he was very brave and great military leader and warrior.
His bravery was acknowledged by the Muslims as well.
Revolt against Henry II
King Richard I along with his two brothers revolted against their father, Henry II in 1173.
It was believed that they were manipulated by their mother, Eleanor to initiate a rebellion against their father.
Richard’s brother Henry went to France, there he requested protection from King Louis VII.
Geoffrey and Richard joined Henry and at the French court the they took the oath that they would not establish friendly relations with their father without Louis and French barons’ consent.
With King Louis support the three brothers gathered support at their individual level and were successful early on. In order to crush the rebellion, Henry II mustered up an army of almost two thousand mercenaries.
Initially Henry II offered peace to his sons, but they refused on the advice of Henry – a War was fought and King Louis was defeated.
They signed a peace accord in September 1174 which terms did not include Richard.
Richard went to his father’s court on 23rd September, fell to his knees and asked for forgiveness.
Henry gave him the Holy kiss and later reconciled with Richard along with his brothers.
This is a bronze statue made in honour of the great medieval king Richard the Lionheart also known as king Richard I
The Crusades
King Richard I participated in the Third Crusade as the main commander.
He led the campaign after the Phillip II of France had departed and captured the most important cities of Acre and Jaffa.
These were King Richard I’s great victories against his Muslim counterpart Saladin but he couldn’t capture the Holy City of Jerusalem.
He also made a settlement through which access to Jerusalem was provided to Christian pilgrims and ensured their safety.
King Richard & Saladin
King Richard I and Saladin fought multiple battles during the Third Crusade.
Richard I fought bravely and won many battles against Saladin, most prominent of which were the Battles of Arsuf and the Battle of Jaffa.
Richard I wanted to negotiate with Saladin on many occasions, but was unsuccessful as although Saladin’s forces were defeated but weren’t completely destroyed.
On 2nd September 1192 they finally reached a settlement.
King Richard I Marriage
Before going on the Third Crusade, King Richard I married Berengaria of Navarre on 12th May 1291 at the Chapel of St. George.
King Richard took his wife on the crusade and kept her with him but for a short period of time.
They both returned separately and were then never reunited and they never bore any children.
Medieval King Richard the lionheart was a great leader of men and military man
HolyLands
King Richard I landed and captured the city of Acre.
King Richard I had 2700 prisoners and wanted Saladin to surrender, but negotiations didn’t go ahead.
Richard advanced and then defeated Saladin’s forces in the Battle of Arsuf.
Although the Muslim Army suffered a considerable amount of casualties, but wasn’t destroyed.
Richard was again unsuccessful in his attempt for Negotiations.
Richard’s forces also defeated Saladin’s forces in the Battle of Jaffa. After this they both negotiated and finalized a settlement that was in the interest of both parties.
Captivity, Ransom and Return
In 1292 while King Richard I was returning from the crusade, he was captured by Leopold V, Duke of Austria.
Richard was handed over to Henry VI, the Holy Roman Emperor on 28th March 1293 who kept him as a prisoner in Durnstein Castle.
Henry demanded 150,000 marks for the Richard’s release.
The amount was arranged and transferred to Germany and finally Richard was released on 4th February 1194.
Richard the Lionheart Mighty Crusader
Final Years & Death
After a month of King Richard’s return to England, he went to Normandy in order to fight against Philip II.
He remained busy in intermittent fights against Philip II in the remaining years of his life and never returned to England.
